Interesting stories behind world famous paintings including Mona Lisa, The Scream, and Shakuntala

You’ve likely seen these paintings many times, whether on your Instagram reels or during a museum visit. These masterpieces, created by renowned artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Pablo Picasso, reflect the era in which they were painted, offering insights into historical events, cultural shifts, and personal struggles. They are more than just brushstrokes or oil on canvas.
From the enigmatic smile of the Mona Lisa to the haunting Scream by Edvard Munch, and the ethereal beauty of Shakuntala by Raja Ravi Verma, each painting reveals deeper meanings, symbolising the artist’s emotions, societal changes, and the conflicts of their time. Discover the fascinating stories behind these iconic works that have made a solid impact on the world of art here.


The enigmatic smile of the Mona Lisa has fascinated viewers for centuries. Painted by Leonardo da Vinci between 1503 and 1506, it is believed to portray Lisa Gherardini, a merchant’s wife. The painting’s mysterious expression, use of sfumato technique, and its theft in 1911 have only increased its fame.


The Starry Night depicts a swirling night sky over a quiet town, capturing Van Gogh’s emotional turmoil. Painted in 1889 from the window of a mental asylum, it reflects his battle with mental illness. The painting’s vibrant brushstrokes and dreamlike quality make it one of the most iconic artworks ever.


Painted between 1495 and 1498, The Last Supper portrays Jesus and his disciples during the moment of betrayal. Located in Milan’s Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, it showcases Da Vinci’s innovative use of perspective and human emotion. Restoration efforts over the centuries have struggled to preserve its original grandeur.


Shakuntala depicts the beautiful heroine from Kalidasa’s epic, Abhijñānaśākuntalam. Raja Ravi Varma captures her essence with delicate brushwork, showcasing her deep emotional connection with nature and the divine. The painting conveys a poignant moment of longing, emphasising the themes of love, fate, and the transient nature of beauty.


Created in 1931, The Persistence of Memory is known for its melting clocks, symbolising the fluidity of time. Dalí’s surrealist masterpiece explores themes of dreams and the subconscious. Its bizarre yet captivating imagery has made it one of the most recognizable works in modern art history.


Often referred to as the "Mona Lisa of the North," Girl with a Pearl Earring (1665) features a young girl in a turban with a luminous pearl earring. Painted by Dutch artist Vermeer, its simplicity, use of light, and the subject's gaze evoke intrigue and mystery, capturing timeless beauty.


Guernica (1937) is Picasso's powerful anti-war statement, depicting the horrors of the Spanish Civil War. The monochromatic, chaotic composition was inspired by the bombing of the town of Guernica. The painting’s distorted figures and intense emotion make it one of the most famous political artworks of the 20th century.


Edvard Munch’s The Scream (1893) embodies human anxiety and existential dread. Inspired by a panic attack the artist experienced, its swirling sky and distorted figure reflect inner turmoil. The painting’s haunting expression and bold colours have cemented it as a symbol of modern emotional experience and psychological depth.


In Bharat Mata, Abanindranath Tagore presents India as a goddess, symbolising the nation’s unity and strength. Draped in a saffron sari and holding a book, a sheaf of rice, and a mala, she embodies knowledge, prosperity, and spirituality. This painting became a powerful symbol of the Indian independence movement.


The Night Watch (1642) is Rembrandt’s grand depiction of a militia company, praised for its dynamic composition and use of light. Once considered a night scene due to dark varnish, later restorations revealed it as a daytime setting. Its scale and intricate details showcase Rembrandt’s mastery of portraiture.

Bride’s Toilet portrays the intimate moment of an Indian bride’s preparation, capturing the beauty and vulnerability of the ritual. Painted in 1937, Sher-Gil’s uses rich colours and expressive forms to depict the emotions of anticipation and femininity.


American Gothic (1930) by Grant Wood depicts a stern farmer and his daughter, set against a rural backdrop. It has become a symbol of American rural life, though its meaning is debated. Some interpret it as a critique of small-town life, while others see it as a celebration of Midwestern values.


Painted in the 1480s, The Birth of Venus depicts the Roman goddess Venus emerging from the sea. Botticelli's delicate use of colour and graceful figures evoke beauty and myth. Commissioned by the powerful Medici family, this Renaissance masterpiece has become an enduring symbol of classical beauty and humanism.


Horses showcases M.F. Husain’s fascination with these majestic animals, which he often used as metaphors for freedom and energy. The vibrant colours and dynamic brushstrokes convey a sense of movement and vitality. This artwork reflects Husain's modernist approach, blending traditional Indian themes with contemporary artistic expression.


Three Pujarins exemplifies Jamini Roy's unique style, blending traditional Indian folk art with modern aesthetics. The painting features three women engaged in ritualistic worship, adorned in vibrant colours and patterns. Roy’s emphasis on simplicity and expressive forms highlights the cultural richness of Indian traditions, celebrating the beauty of everyday life.

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